![]() ![]() The Old Kingdom (2649-2150 BC) - The Time of Pyramid Building Hieroglyphics come from Greek words meaning "sacred writings." During the Archaic Period the Egyptians developed a system of writing we call Hieroglyphics. The city of Memphis, Tennessee is named after Memphis, Egypt. He set up his new capital of the united Egypt in the city of Memphis in Lower Egypt. Menes, sometimes known as Narmer, became the first pharaoh. Unification means the joining together of two separate parts, in the case, the two kingdoms. ![]() In this way Menes united the two kingdoms. Menes sent an army down the Nile and defeated the king of Lower Egypt in battle. We have very few records from the Archaic period, but one account tells of a king of Upper Egypt named Menes. The Nile is one of the few rivers to flow north, the other that comes to mind is our own Genesee River. This is because the Nile River flows from the high land in the south to the low land in the north. This can be confusing when we look at a map, because Lower Egypt is at the top of the map, while Upper Egypt is at the bottom. During the earliest history of Egypt, called the Archaic Period, Egypt was separated into two lands: Upper and Lower Egypt, each with its own king.
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